Nedan presenteras utvecklingen av det häckande beståndet av storskarv i Mälaren 2004 - 2025 utifrån inventeringar på uppdrag av berörda Länsstyrelser och Mälarens vattenvårdsförbund. För mer information om metoder vid Länsstyrelsens fågelinventeringar i Mälaren, se metodbeskrivning.1 

Greenhouse gas emissions from Land use change (LUC) reported to the UNFCCC and EU has the last decades increased by importance in Sweden by including almost all land use change categories in the accounting. There is therefore a raised need for increased precision in the estimated emissions for all land use change categories. The current methodology was in need for revision due to changes in land use change areas. This report describes the revision of emission factors for land use change categories reported to UNFCCC and EU. An assessment was made of land use change plots registered by the Swedish National Forest Inventory (NFI), for effects on SOC and Litter by analyzing orthophotos through time in the NFI-tool RTWeb. In total, 1457 plots were analyzed for changes in SOC and Litter due to the land use change detected by the Swedish NFI. Thus, almost half of the plots detected as land use change plots in the inventory are not real land use change induced by human interventions, but rather a consequence of how the inventory defines land use. The largest land use change categories in Sweden are Forest land to Settlements (29 %), Settlements to Forest land (12 %) and Cropland to Forest land (10 %). 47% of the analyzed plots were affected for either soil carbon or Litter losses. This resulted in new revised emission factors for 8 land use change categories, where the revision for land converted to Settlements had major changes.

Land use category that had the largest change in emission factor was Cropland to Settlements and Forest land to Settlements and resulted in increased emissions of 10 kt CO₂ in average between 1990 and 2023 (0.03% of total emissions from LULUCF sector in 2023 (submission 2025)). The main reason for the increase was due to an increase in roads and power lines. If the areas of land use changes between categories continuously change, revision of emission factors is needed. Reducing the number of plots detected by the Swedish NFI is however necessary to be able to analyze for revision of emission factors more frequently. One of the suggestions is to use the biomass on each plot to reduce the number of plots, especially those that transfer between Wetlands and Forest land.

SMED stands for Swedish Environmental Emissions Data, a collaboration between IVL, SCB, SLU, and SMHI. On behalf of the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, SMED has updated and further developed an Excel tool (the Climate Calculation Tool) that can be used by government agencies to calculate carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas emissions from business travel and the use of machinery or vehicles during official duties. This assignment aimed to meet the requirements of the environmental management regulation concerning environmental management within government agencies, as well as providing a general tool for calculating climate emissions from the agency's passenger transport, business trips, and the use of vehicles and machinery during official functions.

Previously, the tool only included carbon dioxide emissions (before 2018) and did not consider other greenhouse gases or indirect emissions related to the production and distribution of fuel. In 2018, the tool was more comprehensively developed and updated, including changes to categories and interfaces to better reflect the current transport sector. Additional greenhouse gases (methane and nitrous oxide) and emissions values over the entire fuel lifecycle were included. Between 2019 and 2023, simpler updates and minor developments were carried out on the tool. Last year, in 2024, categories such as helicopters and airplanes were added, and a more extensive revision of the layout was carried out, including a division of business trips into Machinery or means of transport under Public Authority Activities.

This year's assignment (2025) is limited to a review of existing emission factors and the most relevant updates. Most updates pertain to road traffic. Information about fuels has also been reviewed and updated, particularly regarding shares of biofuels, with support from agencies such as the Swedish Energy Agency and the Swedish Transport Administration. For bus and taxi traffic, new data collection efforts were undertaken, and various values have been updated where better and newer information is available.