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Screening of microplastic particles in and down-stream a wastewater treatment plant
Executive, Forskningsinstitut, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
Executive, Forskningsinstitut, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
Responsible organisation
2014 (English)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This project aims at evaluating the role of waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) as entrance routes for microplastic particles to the marine environment, and is completed within the scope of the Swedish EPA screening programme 2014. Sampling was done at Långeviksverket in Lysekil, a relatively small WWTP with a load of 14 000 population equivalents (pe), and with effluent water being discharged into the sea. Analyses were performed on microplastic particles collected on a filter with a 300

μm mesh size, both in the actual WWTP (incoming and effluent water, and sewage sludge) and in the recipient water. Background levels of microplastics were obtained by analysing seawater from a location not directly affected by the effluents from Långeviksverket. All the sampling was done during the course of one day.

It is not obvious to give an exact definition of the size of the collected particles, e.g. plastic fibres with a diameter smaller than 300

μm might either be caught on the filter or slip through it. Still, in this report the collected material is referred to as microplastics ≥300 μm, even though it would have been more accurate to define it as the microplastics collected on a 300 μm filter.

WWTP incoming water was found to have a mean concentration of 15 000 microplastic particles ≥300 μm per m

3, which resulted in an inflow of 3 200 000 microplastic particles per hour. More than 99 % of the particles were retained in the WWTP sludge and the concentration in effluent water was 1 770 microplastic particles per hour. The retention rate was affected by the shape of the particles, and plastic fibres were retained to a higher degree than particles of other shapes.

The microplastic concentration in the recipient of the effluent tube was elevated compared to an area presumed to not be directly affected by the effluent; 1.1 - 1.8 plastic particles m

-3 were found in the effluent plume compared to 0.45 m-3 in the reference area. Higher particle concentrations were found close to the mouth of the tube compared to 200 m downstream. No other plastic particles but plastic fibres were found in the recipient.

The study demonstrates that the supply of microplastics from WWTP effluents to the marine environment may be substantial, but their relative importance in relation to other sources/entrance routes is difficult to estimate due to the general lack of quantitative studies.

Abstract [sv]

Inom ramen för Naturvårdsverkets screeningprogram 2014 har i detta projekt avloppsreningsverkens betydelse som introduktionsväg för mikroplastpartiklar till havet utvärderats. Provtagning gjordes på Långeviksverket i Lysekil, ett relativt litet avloppsreningsverk med en belastning på 12 000 person ekvivalenter (pe), och med en avloppstub som mynnar i havet. Analyser av mikroplastpartiklar ≥300 μm utfördes dels i själva reningsverket (inkommande och utgående vatten samt i slam), dels i recipientvattnet. Bakgrundshalter av mikroplaster analyserades i havsvatten på en lokal som bedömdes vara opåverkad av Långeviksverkets utsläpp. Alla provtagningar gjordes under loppet av en och samma dag.

Det är inte heller självklart att exakt definiera storleken på de uppsamlade partiklarna. t.ex. kan en plastfiber med en diameter mindre än 300 μm antingen fastna på filtret eller åka igenom det. Trots detta har vi valt att kalla det uppsamlade materialet för mikroplastpartiklar ≥300 μm, även om det egentligen hade varit mer korrekt att definiera det som de mikroplastpartiklar som fångats med ett 300 μm-filter.

I inkommande vatten uppmättes en genomsnittlig koncentration på ~15 000 mikroplastpartiklar ≥300 μm per m3. vilket innebar inflöde av ~3 200 000 mikroplastpartiklar per timme. Över 99 % av partiklarna avskiljdes till reningsverksslammet och mängden som lämnade verket med utgående vatten var ~1 770 mikroplastpartiklar per timme. Formen på de analyserade partiklarna påverkade i vilken utsträckning de avskiljdes i reningsverket och plastfibrer var en grupp som i högre grad än partiklar av andra former återfanns i slamfasen.

Koncentrationen av mikroplastpartiklar i recipienten var förhöjd i plymen utanför avloppstubens mynning jämfört med ett referensområde som inte var direkt påverkat av utsläppsvattnet; 1.1 - 1.8 plastpartiklar m-3 i plymen jämfört med 0.45 m-3 i referensområdet. Högre partikelkoncentrationer uppmättes närmast tubens mynning jämfört med 200 m nedströms. I recipienten detekterades inga andra typer av plastpartiklar än plastfibrer.

Undersökningen visar att volymen av mikroplastpartiklar som tillförs havet via utgående vatten från avloppsreningsverk kan vara substantiell. Eftersom det fortfarande har gjorts mycket få kvantitativa studier av källor/tillförselvägar till marint mikroskräp är det dock svårt att bedöma avloppsreningsverkens relativa betydelse.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2014. , p. 22
Series
IVL Report C ; 55
Keywords [en]
Sources microplastics, microlitter, waste water treatment plant, WWTP, waste water, sewage sludge, FTIR
Keywords [sv]
Källor till mikroplast, microskräp, avloppsreningsverk, ARV, avloppsvatten, avloppsslam, FTIR
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Research subject
Finance, National; Miljöövervakningens programområden, Toxic; Toxic, Screening; Environmental Objectives, A Non-Toxic Environment
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:naturvardsverket:diva-2226OAI: oai:DiVA.org:naturvardsverket-2226DiVA, id: diva2:773505
Available from: 2014-12-19 Created: 2014-12-19 Last updated: 2014-12-19

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